living wills

Living wills proved to be very popular , and by 2007 , 41 % of Americans had completed a living will .

生前预嘱受到普遍认可，到2007年，已有41%的美国人立了生前预嘱。

In response to public needs , state legislatures soon passed laws in support of living wills in virtually every state in the union .

为了回应公众需求，美国各州的立法部门在短时间内基本都通过了支持生前预嘱的法案。

Living wills reflect a moment in time , and may therefore need regular updating to ensure that the correct course of action can be chosen .

生前预嘱只能反应某个时间段的状态，因此需要定期更新以确保做出正确的指令选择。

The largest international banks have been required to submit living wills for the first time .

规模最大的跨国银行有史以来首次被要求提交生前预嘱。

They promised to develop special resolution mechanisms for financial firms and said top banks should develop living wills .

G20承诺针对金融公司设立特别决议制度，并表示顶级银行应当拟定生前遗嘱。

The fact that banks are just waiting around until they are required to develop living wills is another example .

另一个例证则是银行业只是一味坐等，直到被迫制定“生前遗嘱”（livingwills）。

Regulatory reforms that do not incorporate such living wills are plainly not serious .

没有纳入这种生前遗嘱的监管改革是不够严肃认真的。

An increasing number of officials urge action in response to living wills , according to people familiar with the discussions .

了解讨论情况的知情人士表示，越来越多的官员敦促针对“生前预嘱”采取行动。

Officials have said the living wills are a learning process and more leeway was given to banks for the 2012 process .

官员们表示，生前预嘱是一个学习的过程，银行在2012年的过程中得到了较多的回旋余地。

New versions of the living wills , or resolution plans , are due to be filed in the summer .

新版本的“生前预嘱”或者是处置方案预计将于夏季制定完成。

Living wills , deferred compensation and higher , better capital standards are now being implemented by all our major competitors .

我们的所有主要竞争对手现在都在执行生前遗嘱、延期偿付奖金以及更高更有利的资本金标准。

The president and I have living wills and of course our parents do and they wanted us always to be aware of it .

「总统与我都立有生预嘱，我们的双亲当然也有，他们希望我们时时注意这件事。

How are you supposed to write these living wills if the assumptions regulators are making are false and inaccurate ?

如果监管机构正在做出错误和不准确的假设，你怎么去写这些生前预嘱？

The ability to deal with failing institutions is crucial , and the idea of " living wills " for banks has merit .

处置行将倒闭的机构，这种能力很关键，而让银行立下“生前遗嘱”的想法也值得考虑。

But for living wills to have this effect , they must move beyond mere contingency planning and towards a partial break-up of banks'balance-sheets .

可是，生前预嘱要想奏效，仅有应急预案是不够的，必须向分解银行资产负债表的方向迈进。

In the meantime , equally important are resolution regimes and " living wills " to ensure that even the largest banks can fail safely .

与此同时，解决机制和“生前遗嘱”同样重要，以确保哪怕是最大的银行也能安全倒闭。

Now that would 've paid a doctor to spend time talking with their patients about advanced directives , like living wills , and hospice care options .

医生花费时间与病人探讨关于生前遗嘱或临终护理选择等高级指引时不应该收费。

Banks will be required to prepare " living wills " & blueprints for winding down the business in the event of looming bankruptcy .

它还要求各大银行准备“生存遗嘱”&企业濒临破产时用以逐步结束其生产行为的设计方案。

Recent proposals for " special resolution authority " and " living wills " to handle the failure of complex financial institutions at the parent level are thus hugely important .

因此，最近有关利用“特别决议机构”和“生前遗嘱”、从母公司层面处理复杂金融机构破产问题的提议非常重要。

Living wills allow people to set out specific instructions on whether they want to be kept alive by extraordinary or artificial means in the event they become incapacitated .

生预嘱让民众订定明确的嘱咐，明示当自己失去行为能力时，是否要透过特殊的或人工的方式来维持生命。

Greater alignment of financial market , banking , and regulation policies is likely , together with further reforms of cross-border bank resolution , living wills , and credit monitoring .

欧盟可能会加强在金融市场、银行业和监管政策方面的协调，并对跨国银行分解、“生前遗嘱”和信贷监控进行进一步改革。

To the extent that there is much public discussion about this phase of life , it 's about getting more control over our deaths ( with living wills and the like ) .

提到大众对这一人生阶段的讨论，大多围绕着应如何更好地应对掌控死亡这一问题（比如说生前立遗嘱之类的）。

Alistair Darling , UK chancellor of the exchequer , said on Monday that he planned legislation this year to force banks to write living wills .

英国财政大臣阿里斯代尔达林（alistairdarling）周一表示，他计划在今年立法，强制银行拟定“生前遗嘱”。

Having already submitted living wills for this year before receiving the response to their 2013 plans , banks have to show improvements in their 2015 plans or risk facing financial penalties .

银行在收到针对2013年计划的回应之前已提交了今年的生前预嘱，它们必须在2015年的计划中做出改进，否则就有可能面临经济处罚。

These " living wills " are due to be assessed by supervisors , who will have the power to impose structural reforms if needed to ensure an orderly resolution .

监管机构将对这些“生前遗嘱”进行评估，并有权在必要时要求这些机构实施结构改革，以保证它们有序解散。

Others employed surrogates who were asked to make " living wills " outlining their preferences for treatment ( or the lack of it ) in various hypothetical circumstances .

有的研究则使用了“替代者”，要求其在各种假设条件下说出体现其愿意或不愿意接受某种治疗方式的“生存意愿”。

To ascertain how we can approach this ideal , the authorities have asked a number of large banks to prepare so-called " living wills " , or recovery and resolution plans .

为了找出达成这一理想局面的办法，有关部门已要求许多大银行拟定所谓的“生前遗嘱”，也就是重振与解散计划。

To supplement these more demanding capital requirements , he also called for minimum levels of liquidity , and for living wills to allow the orderly winding up of failing financial firms .

除了这些更严厉的资本金要求之外，盖特纳还呼吁设定流动性的最低限度，以及拟定生前遗嘱以允许破产金融机构有序分拆。

Last July , Ben Bernanke , Fed chairman , told lawmakers that the living wills would provide a " blueprint " for breaking up the banks should it be required .

去年7月，美联储主席本伯南克（benbernanke）告诉立法者，在需要的时候，“生前预嘱”将为分拆银行提供“蓝图”。

US regulators have said they were disappointed in some of the living wills because of a lack of detail and a failure credibly to map out how the banks would be dismantled .

美国监管人员表示，他们对部分“生前预嘱”感到失望，因为这些预嘱缺乏细节，未能制定出可信的详细方案，说明该银行将被如何拆分。